بررسی تأثیر بازاریابی حسی در ارزش ویژۀ برند در صنعت گردشگری (مورد مطالعه: هتل‏ های چهارستاره و پنج‏ ستارۀ استان تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

صنعت گردشگری امروزه بزرگ‏ترین صنعت خدماتی از لحاظ درآمدزایی و عامل مهمی برای توسعهٔ اقتصادی به شمار می ‏آید. یکی از مهم‏ترین اقداماتی که می‏تواند با کاهش وابستگی اقتصاد ایران به درآمدهای نفتی موجب رشد صنعت گردشگری شود توسعهٔ اقامتگاه ‏ها و هتل‏ ها به ‏منظور اقامت مسافران است. استفاده از بازاریابی حسی ازجمله عوامل مؤثر در پیشرفت صنعت هتل‏داری است. ازاین‏رو، در این پژوهش، اثر بازاریابی حسی در ارزش ویژهٔ برند در صنعت گردشگری را با میانجیگری متغیرهای تجربهٔ برند، نگرش به برند و دلبستگی به برند بررسی می‏ کنیم. جامعهٔ آماری این پژوهش گردشگران خارجی هستند که در بهار و تابستان امسال به شهر تهران سفر کرده ‏اند و در هتل ‏های چهارستاره و پنج ‏ستاره‏ اقامت داشتند. شیوهٔ نمونه‏ گیری غیرتصادفی در دسترس و پرسش‏نامه به‏ منظور جمع ‏آوری داده‏ ها استفاده شد. برای بررسی روایی پرسش‏نامه از روایی محتوایی و همچنین برای بررسی پایایی پرسش‏نامه از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. به‏ منظور تحلیل داده ‏های گرد‏آوری ‏شده، شیوهٔ مدل‏سازی معادلات ساختاری از طریق نرم ‏افزار اسمارت پی‏ال‏اس استفاده شد. براساس نتایج به ‏دست‏ آمده، مؤلفهٔ لامسه در تجربهٔ برند اثر معناداری ندارد، اما هر چهار مؤلفهٔ بینایی، بویایی، چشایی و شنوایی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری در تجربهٔ برند دارند. سایر فرضیه ‏های پژوهش نیز تأیید شده ‏اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


 

Agapit Valle, P., & Mendes, J. (2014). Exploring a conceptualization of the sensory dimension of tourist experience. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2, 62-73.
Alcaniz, E. B., Ca´ceres, R. C., & Pe´rez, R. C. (2012). Alliances between brands and social causes: the influence of company credibility on social responsibility image. Journal of Business Ethics, 2, 169-186.
Ansary, A., & Nik Hashim, N. M. H. (2017). Brand image and equity: the mediating role of brand equity drivers and moderating effects of product type and word of mouth. Review of of Managerial Science, 11(39), 1-34.
Assiouras, I., Liapati, G., Kouletsis, G., & Koniordos, M. (2015). The impact of brand authenticity on brand attachment in the food industry. British Food Journal, 117(2), 538-552.
Bahri-Ammari, N., Niekerk, M. V., Ben Khelil, H., & Chtioui, J. (2016). The effects of brand attachment on behavioral loyalty in the luxury restaurant sector. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), 559-585.
Belaid, S., & Behi, A. T. (2011). The role of attachment in building consumer-brand relationships: an empirical investigation in the utilitarian consumption context. Journal of Product Brand Management, 20(1), 37–47.
Boo, S., Busser, J., & Baloglu, S. (2009). A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations. Tourism Management, 30(2), 219–231.
Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., & Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: What is it? How is it? Does it affect loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 52-68.
Chianeh, R. H., Rezatab Azgoomi, S. K., & Kian, B. (2019). Tourism in Iran. In Experiencing Persian Heritage (Vol. 10, pp. 11-25). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Chinomona, R. (2013). The Influence of Brand Experience on Brand Satisfaction, Trust and Attachment in South Africa. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 12(10), 1303-1316.
Costa, M., Zouein, P., Rodrigues, N., Arruda, J., & Vieira, M. (2012). Sensory marketing: consumption experience of the Brazilian in the restaurant industry. International Journal of Business Strategy, 12(4), 165–171.
Crouch, G. I. (2007). Measuring Tourism Competitiveness: Research, Theory and the WEF Index. In Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC). Dunedin, New Zealand, University of Otago.
Ding, C. G., & Tseng, T. H. (2015). On the relationships among brand experience, hedonic emotions, and brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 49(7/8), 1-39.
Dolbec, P. Y., & Chebat, J. C. (2013). The Impact of a Flagship vs. a Brand Store on Brand Attitude, Brand Attachment and Brand Equity. Journal of Retailing, 89(4), 460-566.
Dwivedi, A., Johnson, L. W., Wilkie, D. C., & Araujo-Gil, L. D. (2018). Consumer emotional brand attachment with social media brands and social media brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 53(6), 1176-1204.
Faircloth, J. B., Capella, L. M., & Alford, B. L. (2001). The Effect of Brand Attitude and Brand Image on Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9(2/3), 61-75.
Gil, R., Bravoe, F., & Martinez, S. (2007). Family as a source of consumer-based brand equity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16(3), 188–199.
Goldkuhl, L., & Styven, M., (2007). Sensing the scent of service success. Sweden European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1297-1305.
Guzel, O., & Dortyol, T. (2016). Exploring the Multi-Sensory Based Memorable Tourism Experiences: A Study of Adam&Eve Hotel in Turkey. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets, 2(4), 28-39.
Habibi, F., Rahmati, M., & Karimi, A. (2018). Contribution of tourism to economic growth in Iran's Provinces: GDM approach. Future Business Journal, 4, 261-271.
Heeger, N. (2015). Sensory branding in the Hotel Industry an investigation on Art Déco boutique-hotels in Miami Beach. Bachelor Thesis, International University of Applied Sciences Bad Honnef.
Hepola, J., Karjaluoto, H., & Hintikka, A. (2017). The effect of sensory brand experience and involvement on brand equity directly and indirectly through consumer brand engagement. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 26(3), 282-293.
Hulten, B. (2011). The multi-sensory brand-experience concept. European Business Review, 23(3), 256-273.
Jawahar, D., Vincent, V. Z., & Philip, A. V. (2020). Art-event image in city brand equity: mediating role of city brand attachment. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(3), 491-509.
Kang, J., Manthiou, A., Sumarjan, N., & Tang, L. R. (2017). An Investigation of Brand Experience on Brand Attachment, Knowledge, and Trust in the Lodging Industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(1), 1-22.
Kay, M. J. (2006). Strong brands and corporate brands. European journal of Marketing, 40(7/8), 742–760.
Khanna, P., & Mishra, S. (2012). Power of senses in branding and its impact on consumer. VSRD. International Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(12), 620–623.
Khodadadi, M. (2018). The emergence of cruise tourism in Iran. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(3), 275-281.
Kim, H. B., & Kim, W. G. (2005). The relationship between brand equity and firms’performance in luxury hotels and chain restaurants. Tourism Management, 26, 549–560.
Kim, J. J., Lee, J. S., & Han, H. (2023). Tangible and intangible hotel in-room amenities in shaping customer experience and the consequences in the with-corona era. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(2), 657-681.
Krishna, A., Morrin M., & Sayin E. (2014). Smellizing Cookies and Salivating: A Focus on Olfactory Imagery. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 18-34.
Krystallis, A., & Chrysochou, P. (2014). The effects of service brand dimensions on brand loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(2), 139-147.
Kuczamer-Kłopotowska, S. (2017). Sensory marketing as a new tool of supporting the marketing communication process in tourism services sector. Handel Wewnetrzny, 2(367), 226-235.
Kudeshia, C., & Kumar, A. (2017). Social eWOM: Does it affect the brand attitude and purchase intention of brands? Management Research Review, 40(3), 1-38.
Le, A. N. H., Khoi, N. H., & Nguyen, D. P. (2021). Unraveling the dynamic and contingency mechanism between service experience and customer engagement with luxury hotel brands. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 99, 1-13.
Lee, J., Jeon, J., & Yoon, J. (2010). Does brand experience affect customer’s emotional attachments? Korean Academy of Marketing Science, 12(2), 53–8.
Lee, S. (2018). Investigating antecedents and outcome of telepresence on a hotel’s website. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), 757-775.
Lin, Y. H. (2015). Innovative brand experience's influence on brand equity and brand satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68, 1-6.
Lindstrom, M. (2005). Broad sensory branding. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(2), 84-87.
Liu, S. Q., Wu, L. L., Yu, X., & Huang, H. (2022). Marketing online food images via color saturation: A sensory imagery perspective. Journal of Business Research, 151, 366-378.
Madadi, R., Torres, I. M., Fazli-Salehi, R., & Zúñiga, M. Á. (2022). Brand love and ethnic identification: the mediating role of brand attachment among African American consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 39(4), 358-370.
Moreira, A. C., Fortes, N., & Santiago, R. (2017). Influence of sensory stimuli on brand experience, brand equity and purchase intention. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 18(1), 68-83.
Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M., Makian, S., & Ghaffari, M. (2022). Developing a Competitive and Sustainable Model for the Future of a Destination: Iran’s Tourism Competitiveness. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1-33.
Pahome, T., & Amorntatkul, N. (2011). How sensory marketing applies to the hotel and restaurant industry in order to influence customer’s behavior in Thailand. Journal of Hospitality Management, 20, 24-35.
Papadimitriou, D., Kaplanidou, K. K., & Papacharalampous, N. (2016). Sport event-sponsor fit and its effects on sponsor purchase intentions: a non-consumer perspective among athletes, volunteers and spectators. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 31(2), 247–259.
Park, C., MacInnis, D. J., Priester, J., Eisingerich, A. B., & Iacobucci, D. (2010). Brand attachment and brand attitude strength: conceptual and empirical differentiation of two critical brand equity drivers. Journal of Marketing, 74, 1–17.
Parris, D. L., & Guzmán, F. (2023). Evolving brand boundaries and expectations: looking back on brand equity, brand loyalty, and brand image research to move forward. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 32(2), 191-234.
Pitta, D. A., & Katsanis, L. P. (1995). Understanding brand equity for successful brand extension. Journal of consumer marketing, 12(4), 51-64.
Priester, J. R., Nayakankuppam, D., Fleming, M. A., & Godek, J. (2004). Model: the influence of attitudes and attitude strength on consideration and choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(4), 574–587.
Rushton, A. M., & Carson, D. J. (1989). The marketing of services: managing the intangibles. European Journal of Marketing, 23(8), 23-44.
Sahin, A., Zehir, C., & Kitapçi, H. (2011). The effects of brand experiences, trust and satisfaction on building brand loyalty: an empirical research on global brands. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1288–1301.
Salehzadeh, R., Khazaei Pool, J., & Soleimani, S. (2016). Brand personality, brand equity and revisit intention: an empirical study of a tourist destination in Iran. Tourism Review, 71(3), 205-218.
Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1-3), 53-67.
Siitonen, H. (2017). The impact of brand image on customer experience–Company X. Bachelor’s Thesis Degree Programme in Business Administration, 1-41.
Soars, B. (2009). Driving sales through shoppers’ sense of sound, sight, smell and touch. Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 37(3), 286-289.
Thomson, M., MacInnis, D. J., & Whan Park, C. (2005). The ties that bind: Measuring the strength of consumers’ emotional attachments to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(1), 77–91.
Thomson, M. (2006). Human brands: investigating antecedents to consumers’ strong attachments to celebrities. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 104–119.
Tian, H., & Yuan, H. (2013). The contingent effect of corporate social responsibility fit on consumer brand attitude: A research on boundary conditions of consumer attribution. Nankai Business Review International, 4(4), 349-364.
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schroder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS Path Modeling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177-195.
Wiedmann, K. P., Labenz, F., Haase, J., & Hennigs, N. (2017). The power of experiential marketing: exploring the causal relationships among multisensory marketing, brand experience, customer perceived value and brand strength. Journal of Brand Management, 25(2), 101–118.
Wörfel, P., Frentz, F., & Tautu, C. (2022). Marketing comes to its senses: a bibliometric review and integrated framework of sensory experience in marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 56(3), 704-737.
Wu, P. C. S., & Wang, Y. C. (2011). The influences of electronic word‐of‐mouth message appeal and message source credibility on brand attitude. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(4), 448-472.
Wu, S. H., & Gao, Y. (2019). Understanding emotional customer experience and co-creation behaviours in luxury hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Managment, 31(11), 4247–4275.
Yao, J., Wang, X., & Liu, Z. (2013). Brandmanagement innovation: A construction of brand experience identification system. Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(21), 4477–4482.
Zarantonello, L., & Schmitt, B. H. (2010). Using the brand experience scale to profile consumers and predict consumer behavior. Journal of Brand Management, 17(7), 532-540.
Zarantonello, L., & Schmitt, B. H. (2015). The impact of event marketing on brand equity. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications, 32(2), 255-280.
o, D., Valle, P., & Mendes, J. (2014). Exploring a conceptualization of the sensory dimension of tourist experience. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2, 62-73.
Alcaniz, E. B., Ca´ceres, R. C., & Pe´rez, R. C. (2012). Alliances between brands and social causes: the influence of company credibility on social responsibility image. Journal of Business Ethics, 2, 169-186.
Ansary, A., & Nik Hashim, N. M. H. (2017). Brand image and equity: the mediating role of brand equity drivers and moderating effects of product type and word of mouth. Review of of Managerial Science, 11(39), 1-34.
Assiouras, I., Liapati, G., Kouletsis, G., & Koniordos, M. (2015). The impact of brand authenticity on brand attachment in the food industry. British Food Journal, 117(2), 538-552.
Bahri-Ammari, N., Niekerk, M. V., Ben Khelil, H., & Chtioui, J. (2016). The effects of brand attachment on behavioral loyalty in the luxury restaurant sector. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), 559-585.
Belaid, S., & Behi, A. T. (2011). The role of attachment in building consumer-brand relationships: an empirical investigation in the utilitarian consumption context. Journal of Product Brand Management, 20(1), 37–47.
Boo, S., Busser, J., & Baloglu, S. (2009). A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations. Tourism Management, 30(2), 219–231.
Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., & Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: What is it? How is it? Does it affect loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 52-68.
Chianeh, R. H., Rezatab Azgoomi, S. K., & Kian, B. (2019). Tourism in Iran. In Experiencing Persian Heritage (Vol. 10, pp. 11-25). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Chinomona, R. (2013). The Influence of Brand Experience on Brand Satisfaction, Trust and Attachment in South Africa. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 12(10), 1303-1316.
Costa, M., Zouein, P., Rodrigues, N., Arruda, J., & Vieira, M. (2012). Sensory marketing: consumption experience of the Brazilian in the restaurant industry. International Journal of Business Strategy, 12(4), 165–171.
Crouch, G. I. (2007). Measuring Tourism Competitiveness: Research, Theory and the WEF Index. In Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC). Dunedin, New Zealand, University of Otago.
Ding, C. G., & Tseng, T. H. (2015). On the relationships among brand experience, hedonic emotions, and brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 49(7/8), 1-39.
Dolbec, P. Y., & Chebat, J. C. (2013). The Impact of a Flagship vs. a Brand Store on Brand Attitude, Brand Attachment and Brand Equity. Journal of Retailing, 89(4), 460-566.
Dwivedi, A., Johnson, L. W., Wilkie, D. C., & Araujo-Gil, L. D. (2018). Consumer emotional brand attachment with social media brands and social media brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 53(6), 1176-1204.
Faircloth, J. B., Capella, L. M., & Alford, B. L. (2001). The Effect of Brand Attitude and Brand Image on Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9(2/3), 61-75.
Gil, R., Bravoe, F., & Martinez, S. (2007). Family as a source of consumer-based brand equity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16(3), 188–199.
Goldkuhl, L., & Styven, M., (2007). Sensing the scent of service success. Sweden European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1297-1305.
Guzel, O., & Dortyol, T. (2016). Exploring the Multi-Sensory Based Memorable Tourism Experiences: A Study of Adam&Eve Hotel in Turkey. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets, 2(4), 28-39.
Habibi, F., Rahmati, M., & Karimi, A. (2018). Contribution of tourism to economic growth in Iran's Provinces: GDM approach. Future Business Journal, 4, 261-271.
Heeger, N. (2015). Sensory branding in the Hotel Industry an investigation on Art Déco boutique-hotels in Miami Beach. Bachelor Thesis, International University of Applied Sciences Bad Honnef.
Hepola, J., Karjaluoto, H., & Hintikka, A. (2017). The effect of sensory brand experience and involvement on brand equity directly and indirectly through consumer brand engagement. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 26(3), 282-293.
Hulten, B. (2011). The multi-sensory brand-experience concept. European Business Review, 23(3), 256-273.
Jawahar, D., Vincent, V. Z., & Philip, A. V. (2020). Art-event image in city brand equity: mediating role of city brand attachment. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(3), 491-509.
Kang, J., Manthiou, A., Sumarjan, N., & Tang, L. R. (2017). An Investigation of Brand Experience on Brand Attachment, Knowledge, and Trust in the Lodging Industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(1), 1-22.
Kay, M. J. (2006). Strong brands and corporate brands. European journal of Marketing, 40(7/8), 742–760.
Khanna, P., & Mishra, S. (2012). Power of senses in branding and its impact on consumer. VSRD. International Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(12), 620–623.
Khodadadi, M. (2018). The emergence of cruise tourism in Iran. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(3), 275-281.
Kim, H. B., & Kim, W. G. (2005). The relationship between brand equity and firms’performance in luxury hotels and chain restaurants. Tourism Management, 26, 549–560.
Kim, J. J., Lee, J. S., & Han, H. (2023). Tangible and intangible hotel in-room amenities in shaping customer experience and the consequences in the with-corona era. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(2), 657-681.
Krishna, A., Morrin M., & Sayin E. (2014). Smellizing Cookies and Salivating: A Focus on Olfactory Imagery. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 18-34.
Krystallis, A., & Chrysochou, P. (2014). The effects of service brand dimensions on brand loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(2), 139-147.
Kuczamer-Kłopotowska, S. (2017). Sensory marketing as a new tool of supporting the marketing communication process in tourism services sector. Handel Wewnetrzny, 2(367), 226-235.
Kudeshia, C., & Kumar, A. (2017). Social eWOM: Does it affect the brand attitude and purchase intention of brands? Management Research Review, 40(3), 1-38.
Le, A. N. H., Khoi, N. H., & Nguyen, D. P. (2021). Unraveling the dynamic and contingency mechanism between service experience and customer engagement with luxury hotel brands. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 99, 1-13.
Lee, J., Jeon, J., & Yoon, J. (2010). Does brand experience affect customer’s emotional attachments? Korean Academy of Marketing Science, 12(2), 53–8.
Lee, S. (2018). Investigating antecedents and outcome of telepresence on a hotel’s website. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), 757-775.
Lin, Y. H. (2015). Innovative brand experience's influence on brand equity and brand satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68, 1-6.
Lindstrom, M. (2005). Broad sensory branding. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(2), 84-87.
Liu, S. Q., Wu, L. L., Yu, X., & Huang, H. (2022). Marketing online food images via color saturation: A sensory imagery perspective. Journal of Business Research, 151, 366-378.
Madadi, R., Torres, I. M., Fazli-Salehi, R., & Zúñiga, M. Á. (2022). Brand love and ethnic identification: the mediating role of brand attachment among African American consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 39(4), 358-370.
Moreira, A. C., Fortes, N., & Santiago, R. (2017). Influence of sensory stimuli on brand experience, brand equity and purchase intention. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 18(1), 68-83.
Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M., Makian, S., & Ghaffari, M. (2022). Developing a Competitive and Sustainable Model for the Future of a Destination: Iran’s Tourism Competitiveness. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1-33.
Pahome, T., & Amorntatkul, N. (2011). How sensory marketing applies to the hotel and restaurant industry in order to influence customer’s behavior in Thailand. Journal of Hospitality Management, 20, 24-35.
Papadimitriou, D., Kaplanidou, K. K., & Papacharalampous, N. (2016). Sport event-sponsor fit and its effects on sponsor purchase intentions: a non-consumer perspective among athletes, volunteers and spectators. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 31(2), 247–259.
Park, C., MacInnis, D. J., Priester, J., Eisingerich, A. B., & Iacobucci, D. (2010). Brand attachment and brand attitude strength: conceptual and empirical differentiation of two critical brand equity drivers. Journal of Marketing, 74, 1–17.
Parris, D. L., & Guzmán, F. (2023). Evolving brand boundaries and expectations: looking back on brand equity, brand loyalty, and brand image research to move forward. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 32(2), 191-234.
Pitta, D. A., & Katsanis, L. P. (1995). Understanding brand equity for successful brand extension. Journal of consumer marketing, 12(4), 51-64.
Priester, J. R., Nayakankuppam, D., Fleming, M. A., & Godek, J. (2004). Model: the influence of attitudes and attitude strength on consideration and choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(4), 574–587.
Rushton, A. M., & Carson, D. J. (1989). The marketing of services: managing the intangibles. European Journal of Marketing, 23(8), 23-44.
Sahin, A., Zehir, C., & Kitapçi, H. (2011). The effects of brand experiences, trust and satisfaction on building brand loyalty: an empirical research on global brands. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1288–1301.
Salehzadeh, R., Khazaei Pool, J., & Soleimani, S. (2016). Brand personality, brand equity and revisit intention: an empirical study of a tourist destination in Iran. Tourism Review, 71(3), 205-218.
Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1-3), 53-67.
Siitonen, H. (2017). The impact of brand image on customer experience–Company X. Bachelor’s Thesis Degree Programme in Business Administration, 1-41.
Soars, B. (2009). Driving sales through shoppers’ sense of sound, sight, smell and touch. Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 37(3), 286-289.
Thomson, M., MacInnis, D. J., & Whan Park, C. (2005). The ties that bind: Measuring the strength of consumers’ emotional attachments to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(1), 77–91.
Thomson, M. (2006). Human brands: investigating antecedents to consumers’ strong attachments to celebrities. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 104–119.
Tian, H., & Yuan, H. (2013). The contingent effect of corporate social responsibility fit on consumer brand attitude: A research on boundary conditions of consumer attribution. Nankai Business Review International, 4(4), 349-364.
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schroder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS Path Modeling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177-195.
Wiedmann, K. P., Labenz, F., Haase, J., & Hennigs, N. (2017). The power of experiential marketing: exploring the causal relationships among multisensory marketing, brand experience, customer perceived value and brand strength. Journal of Brand Management, 25(2), 101–118.
Wörfel, P., Frentz, F., & Tautu, C. (2022). Marketing comes to its senses: a bibliometric review and integrated framework of sensory experience in marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 56(3), 704-737.
Wu, P. C. S., & Wang, Y. C. (2011). The influences of electronic word‐of‐mouth message appeal and message source credibility on brand attitude. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(4), 448-472.
Wu, S. H., & Gao, Y. (2019). Understanding emotional customer experience and co-creation behaviours in luxury hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Managment, 31(11), 4247–4275.
Yao, J., Wang, X., & Liu, Z. (2013). Brandmanagement innovation: A construction of brand experience identification system. Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(21), 4477–4482.
Zarantonello, L., & Schmitt, B. H. (2010). Using the brand experience scale to profile consumers and predict consumer behavior. Journal of Brand Management, 17(7), 532-540.
Zarantonello, L., & Schmitt, B. H. (2015). The impact of event marketing on brand equity. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications, 32(2), 255-280.